US Immigration: Visa, Green Card, Naturalization

Did you know that over 1 million immigrants become U.S. citizens through naturalization each year? Getting a U.S. citizenship is a big deal. It’s a bond that connects people with civic values and the rights and freedoms of the U.S. Constitution. Becoming a U.S. citizen is a big step for an immigrant, with many paths to follow.

This guide will cover the U.S. immigration process, including visas, green cards, and becoming a citizen. You’ll find out about who can apply, how to apply, and what steps to take. If you want a work permit, permanent residency, or U.S. citizenship, it’s key to understand the system well.

Key Takeaways

• The U.S. immigration process includes various pathways, such as visas, green cards, and naturalization.
• Eligibility requirements and application procedures vary depending on your immigration goals and personal circumstances.
• Navigating the U.S. immigration system can be complex, but understanding the process is essential to achieving your desired outcome.
• Seeking professional legal advice can help ensure you comply with all relevant laws and regulations.
• The journey to U.S. citizenship through naturalization typically takes 5-7 years for most applicants.

Understanding the US Immigration Process

The US immigration system has different visas for immigrants and non-immigrants. Immigrant visas are for those who plan to live in the US forever. Non-immigrant visas are for short visits. Family-based immigration is a common way to get permanent residency.

Immigrant and Non-Immigrant Visas

The US gives out up to 675,000 permanent immigrant visas every year. These visas are for family, work, and diversity. Non-immigrant visas are for short stays, like visiting, working, or studying.

Family-Based Immigration

Family-based immigration lets US citizens and permanent residents bring their families to the US. In 2022, 58% of new permanent residents came through family-based visas. Immediate family members, like spouses and kids under 21, can always get visas.

Family preference visas have yearly limits, but they’re often over 480,000. These visas are for different family relationships with US citizens or permanent residents.

Obtaining a Green Card

A Green Card, also known as a Permanent Resident Card, lets you live and work in the United States forever. To get this, you must meet certain eligibility requirements. These depend on your situation, like family ties, job, or other special reasons.

Eligibility Requirements

To get a green card, you must live in the U.S. for a set time, usually 1 to 5 years. You also need to show you have good morals and pass a security check.

• Applicants must be at least 18 years old.
• They must have lived in the U.S. for at least 30 months out of the previous 5 years.
• Continuous residency within the same U.S. state for at least 3 months is required.
• Certain exceptions may apply, such as for those engaged in overseas employment for the U.S. government or military.

Application Process

Getting a green card means filling out forms and sending in documents to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). This process can be hard and detailed. That’s why getting help from experts at CitizenPath can make things easier and more likely to succeed.

Knowing what you need for a green card and how to apply can help you move closer to permanent residency in the United States.

visa, green card, naturalization

The U.S. immigration process has three main parts: visas, green cards, and naturalization. Visas let people come into the country for a short time. Green cards give permanent residency. Naturalization makes non-citizens U.S. citizens, with certain rules and steps.

Permanent residents get a green card, also called an “alien registration card.” This lets them live and work in the U.S. forever. But, they must stay in the country most of the time and follow U.S. laws. They also need to file taxes as residents.

To become a U.S. citizen, green card holders must show they are good people, know English, and understand U.S. history and government. This process takes a few years. But, it gives them all the rights and benefits of being a U.S. citizen, like voting and getting government jobs.

The path from visa to green card to citizenship is long and complex. But, each step is important in the U.S. immigration system. Knowing the differences helps people move forward on their journey to permanent residency and U.S. citizenship.

• Over 140,000 new green cards are granted each year in the U.S.
• In 2021, over 800,000 new citizens were welcomed after a pandemic backlog.
• Green card holders cannot vote in U.S. elections, but U.S. citizens can.

Becoming a US Citizen through Naturalization

Naturalization is when someone not born in the United States becomes a U.S. citizen on purpose. Most people get U.S. citizenship by living in the country as a lawful permanent resident (LPR) for five years. To qualify, they must have lived here continuously, have good morals, and know basic English. They also need to pass a test on U.S. history and government.

General Eligibility Requirements

To get naturalized, you must:

• Be at least 18 years old
• Have been a permanent resident (green card holder) for at least 5 years, or 3 years if married to and living with a U.S. citizen
• Live in the U.S. continuously for at least 30 months out of the 5 years (or 18 months out of the 3 years for spouses of U.S. citizens)
• Show you have good morals
• Pass an English language test
• Pass a civics test on U.S. history and government

The Naturalization Process

The process of becoming a citizen includes several steps. You must submit an application, go to an interview, and take the Oath of Allegiance. The USCIS (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) handles the naturalization process. It usually takes 6-12 months to make a decision.

Getting U.S. citizenship through naturalization is a big deal for many. By fulfilling the requirements and going through the process, non-citizens gain many rights. These include voting, serving on juries, and getting certain government jobs.

Employment-Based Immigration

The United States offers a way for foreign nationals to get a permanent residency, or a green card, through employment. This process lets people with certain job skills and an employer’s support apply for permanent residence.

Eligibility for employment-based immigration varies by category. Applicants must file Form I-485 and be in the U.S. They also need an immigrant visa and a job that still exists with the employer or a similar job if they applied on their own.

To apply for adjusting status, individuals must have been checked and allowed into the U.S. They must also consider inadmissibility grounds. Waivers or relief might be available in some cases.

The process for employment-based immigration is complex. It requires many forms and documents, like Form I-140 and Form I-485. You might also need to provide employment and background records. Getting help from an immigration lawyer can make it easier to understand the process.

About 140,000 employment-based immigrant visas are given out each year. These visas are for different groups, like professionals, skilled workers, and immigrant investors. It’s important to know about these visas and their requirements if you want a green card through USCIS-approved employment-based immigration.

Diversity Visa Lottery Program

The Diversity Immigrant Visa Program, also known as the Green Card Lottery, is a special program. It gives up to 50,000 visas each year to people from countries with low immigration rates to the U.S. This lottery is a chance for applicants to get a diversity visa and a Green Card.

The Application Process

To apply for the Diversity Visa Lottery, you must submit an entry during the annual registration period. This usually happens from early October to November. If you’re selected, you need to finish the application process by September 30 of the fiscal year.

Selection Criteria

To be eligible for the Diversity Visa Lottery, you must be from a country with low immigration rates. Countries with less than 50,000 natives admitted to the US in the past five are eligible. You also need a high-school education or two years of qualifying work experience.

There have been concerns about fraud and security risks with the Diversity Visa Lottery. It’s important for applicants to know about these issues and not send money to scams claiming they’ve won.

Despite challenges, the Diversity Visa Lottery Program is vital for U.S. immigration. It helps people from underrepresented countries get a green card. This way, they can contribute to the diverse culture of American society.

Asylum and Refugee Status

People who can’t or won’t go back to their home country because of danger or fear of danger might get asylum or refugee status in the U.S. The process and rules for asylum seekers and refugees are different. But both offer a way to get legal status and maybe even U.S. citizenship.

The USCIS explains many important parts of the asylum and refugee process. For instance, to get a Green Card as a refugee, you must be in the U.S. for at least one year after coming here. Some reasons why you might not be allowed in don’t apply to refugees. And to apply for a Green Card, you need to fill out the Form I-485, Application to Register Permanent Residence or Adjust Status.

• Refugees filing for adjustment of status don’t have to pay the Form I-485 filing fee or biometric services fee.
• Derivative applicants (spouse or child) must show proof of their link to the main applicant when applying for a Green Card.
• Refugee-based derivative applicants must submit the vaccination record part of Form I-693.

Asylees can apply for permanent residence after one year, and refugees must apply within a year of entering the U.S. or after being here for a year. USCIS changed policies in 2023. Now, asylees’ and refugees’ one year of being in the U.S. can count up to the day they make their application.

Refugees can count the time they spent in the U.S. while in refugee status towards the five years needed for becoming a citizen. Asylees can only count one year of their time in asylee status towards getting a permanent residence for citizenship. Also, Liberians in the Liberian Refugee Immigration Fairness program can benefit from a special rule. USCIS will “back-date” green cards for refugees or asylees to the day they entered the U.S. or one year before getting their green card, which helps with becoming a citizen.

Maintaining Legal Status

As an immigrant in the United States, keeping your legal status in check is key. This means making sure your visas and green cards don’t expire. You need to renew or replace these documents by sending the right forms and documents to the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).

Renewing Your Visa or Green Card

Renewing your visa or green card is vital for keeping your legal status in the U.S. Whether you have a temporary visa or a permanent green card, keep an eye on the expiration dates. Start the renewal process early to avoid problems that could affect your stay in the country.

If you’re not sure about the renewal process, talk to an immigration lawyer or a USCIS representative. They can help you with the steps and make sure you meet all the requirements to renew your visa or green card.

Replacing Lost or Stolen Documents

If you lose or have your visa or green card stolen, act fast to get it replaced. Not doing so can lead to big problems, like legal status issues and trouble when you travel or deal with authorities. You’ll need to send the right forms and documents to USCIS to replace your lost or stolen documents.

Keep your immigration documents current to keep your legal status secure and avoid any issues in the U.S. The USCIS is there to help you, so don’t hesitate to ask if you have questions or concerns.

Immigration Laws and Policies

The U.S. immigration system has many laws and policies that change often. These immigration laws come from Congress and are carried out by the Department of Homeland Security and U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS). They set who can come to the U.S., how they can apply, and the rules for immigration.

Over time, the U.S. has had both easy and strict immigration policy. The Citizenship Clause in the Fourteenth Amendment gives citizenship to those born here. Laws like the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 and 1965 have greatly shaped immigration law in the U.S.

1. The Immigration Act of 1990 set a yearly limit of 700,000 immigrants and changed the rules for immigration.
2. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 gave a way for some undocumented immigrants to get permanent residency. It also made it illegal for employers to hire undocumented immigrants.
3. The Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) was passed in 1996 to limit undocumented immigrants.

Now, the U.S. immigration system lets in about 675,000 permanent immigrants a year. This is based on the Nationality Act of 1965 and the Immigration Act of 1990. Also, around one million green cards are given out each year. These are for different reasons like family ties, work, and refugees.

In recent years, the U.S. has given out many green cards and temporary work permits. This includes the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program and Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for some countries. But, the USCIS and Congress are still working on the U.S. immigration policy to meet the country’s changing needs.

Conclusion

Navigating U.S. immigration can be tough, but knowing about visas, green cards, and naturalization helps. You can reach your American dream by understanding these paths. Whether it’s through family, work, or other ways, keep up with the latest laws and policies.

The path to a U.S. visa, green card, or citizenship is long and hard. But, the benefits of living and working in the U.S. are huge. These documents let you prove you’re eligible for jobs and access social services and benefits. With the right advice and preparation, you can make your dream come true.

Starting your immigration journey, remember the U.S. welcomes about 1 million legal residents each year. The process looks tough, but the USCIS focuses on family-based green cards, giving around 480,000 each year. With patience, hard work, and help from immigration experts, you can get through the U.S. immigration system and live the American dream.